Oracle 11g 单机环境安装补丁实战
一、概述
数据库作为企业的核心应用节点之一，其稳定性至关重要，但是一些产品bug对oracle数据库的使用产生很大的影响，有些bug，我们通过调整参数来规避，但是一些bug需要打补丁才能解决。 作为DBA，掌握给数据库打补丁是一项必备的技能，本文分享一下在 Oracle 11g 数据库上应用 PSU 补丁的步骤。
二、过程步骤
1、安装OPATCH 实用程序
（1）从 Oracle 支持门户下载补丁
opatch 实用程序用于将补丁应用到数据库。所以在应用补丁之前，我们需要检查补丁是否支持现有的opatch版本。因此，请参阅补丁的自述文件以了解最低支持版本。
根据补丁自述文件：
1.2.1 OPatch 实用程序 您必须使用 OPatch 实用程序版本 11.2.0.3.6 或更高版本才能应用此补丁。Oracle 建议您使用适用于 11.2 的最新发布的 OPatch 版本，该版本可通过选择 11.2.0.0.0 版本从 My Oracle Support 补丁 6880880 下载。 有关 OPatch 文档的信息，包括任何已知问题，请参阅 My Oracle Support Document 293369.1 OPatch 文档列表。
所以对于这个补丁，opatch版本应该是11.2.0.3.6或者更高版本
让我们检查数据库中现有的 opatch 版本。
echo $ORACLE_HOME
/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1
$ORACLE_HOME/OPatch/opatch version
OPatch Version: 11.2.0.3.4
OPatch succeeded.现有版本为 11.2.0.3.4，低于要求的版本。所以我们需要安装所需的 opatch 实用程序。
（3）安装 OPATCH 实用程序从 Oracle 支持链接下载 opatch 实用程序 – 6880880.
cd $ORACLE_HOME
mv OPatch OPatch.bak解压缩 zip 文件。unzip p6880880_112000_Linux-x86-64.zip检查opatch版本$ $ORACLE_HOME/OPatch/opatch version
OPatch Version: 11.2.0.3.19
OPatch succeeded.现在让我们继续 PSU 补丁安装。
2、安装 PSU 补丁
（1）复制并解压 PATCH ZIP 文件unzip p27734982_112040_Linux-x86-64.zip
ls -ltr
total 243220
drwxr-xr-x 21 oracle oinstall 4096 May 31 12:49 27734982
-rw-rw-r-- 1 oracle oinstall 93035 Jul 17 13:15 PatchSearch.xml
-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 140724601 Oct 8 09:17 p27734982_112040_Linux-x86-64.zip（2）再次检查 ORACLE_HOME 是否有冲突- go to patch folder.
cd 27734982
[27734982]$ $ORACLE_HOME/OPatch/opatch prereq CheckConflictAgainstOHWithDetail -ph ./
Oracle Interim Patch Installer version 11.2.0.3.19
Copyright (c) 2018, Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved.
PREREQ session
Oracle Home : /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1
Central Inventory : /u01/app/oraInventory
from : /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/oraInst.loc
OPatch version : 11.2.0.3.19
OUI version : 11.2.0.4.0
Log file location : /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/cfgtoollogs/opatch/opatch2018-10-08_09-35-06AM_1.log
Invoking prereq "checkconflictagainstohwithdetail"
Prereq "checkConflictAgainstOHWithDetail" passed.
OPatch succeeded.（3）关闭数据库和侦听器shutdown immediate;
lsnrctl stop LISTENER_DMCRM注意– 如果任何 Goldengate 进程正在 ORACLE_HOME 上运行，那么这些进程都需要关闭。
（4）检查活动的可执行文件$ORACLE_HOME/OPatch/opatch prereq CheckActiveFilesAndExecutables -ph ./。
[27734982]$ $ORACLE_HOME/OPatch/opatch prereq CheckActiveFilesAndExecutables -ph ./
Oracle Interim Patch Installer version 11.2.0.3.19
Copyright (c) 2018, Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved.
PREREQ session
Oracle Home : /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1
Central Inventory : /u01/app/oraInventory
from : /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/oraInst.loc
OPatch version : 11.2.0.3.19
OUI version : 11.2.0.4.0
Log file location : /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/cfgtoollogs/opatch/opatch2018-10-08_09-35-58AM_1.log
Invoking prereq "checkactivefilesandexecutables"
Prereq "checkActiveFilesAndExecutables" for patch 17478514 passed.
Prereq "checkActiveFilesAndExecutables" for patch 18031668 passed.
Prereq "checkActiveFilesAndExecutables" for patch 18522509 passed.
Prereq "checkActiveFilesAndExecutables" for patch 19121551 passed.
Prereq "checkActiveFilesAndExecutables" for patch 19769489 passed.
Prereq "checkActiveFilesAndExecutables" for patch 20299013 passed.
Prereq "checkActiveFilesAndExecutables" for patch 20760982 passed.
Prereq "checkActiveFilesAndExecutables" for patch 21352635 passed.
Prereq "checkActiveFilesAndExecutables" for patch 21948347 passed.
Prereq "checkActiveFilesAndExecutables" for patch 22502456 passed.
Prereq "checkActiveFilesAndExecutables" for patch 23054359 passed.
Prereq "checkActiveFilesAndExecutables" for patch 24006111 passed.
Prereq "checkActiveFilesAndExecutables" for patch 24732075 passed.
Prereq "checkActiveFilesAndExecutables" for patch 25869727 passed.
Prereq "checkActiveFilesAndExecutables" for patch 26609445 passed.
Prereq "checkActiveFilesAndExecutables" for patch 26392168 passed.
Prereq "checkActiveFilesAndExecutables" for patch 26925576 passed.
Prereq "checkActiveFilesAndExecutables" for patch 27338049 passed.
Prereq "checkActiveFilesAndExecutables" for patch 27734982 passed.
OPatch succeeded.（5）应用补丁cd 27734982 $ORACLE_HOME/OPatch/ opatch apply。
[27734982]$ $ORACLE_HOME/OPatch/opatch apply
Oracle Interim Patch Installer version 11.2.0.3.19
Copyright (c) 2018, Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved.
Oracle Home : /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1
Central Inventory : /u01/app/oraInventory
from : /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/oraInst.loc
OPatch version : 11.2.0.3.19
OUI version : 11.2.0.4.0
Log file location : /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/cfgtoollogs/opatch/opatch2018-10-08_09-36-41AM_1.log
Verifying environment and performing prerequisite checks...
OPatch continues with these patches: 17478514 18031668 18522509 19121551 19769489 20299013 20760982 21352635 21948347 22502456 23054359 24006111 24732075 25869727 26609445 26392168 26925576 27338049 27734982
Do you want to proceed? [y|n] ----------------------->> Press Y
y
User Responded with: Y
All checks passed.
Provide your email address to be informed of security issues, install and
initiate Oracle Configuration Manager. Easier for you if you use your My
Oracle Support Email address/User Name.
Visit http://www.oracle.com/support/policies.html for details.
Email address/User Name:
You have not provided an email address for notification of security issues.
Do you wish to remain uninformed of security issues ([Y]es, [N]o) [N]: Y ---- > Press Y
Please shutdown Oracle instances running out of this ORACLE_HOME on the local system.
(Oracle Home = /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1)
Is the local system ready for patching? [y|n] -- >> Press Y
y
User Responded with: Y
Backing up files...
Applying sub-patch 17478514 to OH /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1
Patching component oracle.rdbms, 11.2.0.4.0...
Patching component oracle.rdbms.rsf, 11.2.0.4.0...
Patching component oracle.sdo, 11.2.0.4.0...
Patching component oracle.ctx.rsf, 11.2.0.4.0...
Patching component oracle.rdbms, 11.2.0.4.0...
Patching component oracle.rdbms.rman, 11.2.0.4.0...
OPatch found the word "error" in the stderr of the make command.
Please look at this stderr. You can re-run this make command.
Stderr output:
chmod: changing permissions of `/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin/extjobO: Operation not permitted
make: [iextjob] Error 1 (ignored)
Composite patch 27734982 successfully applied.
OPatch Session completed with warnings.
Log file location: /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/cfgtoollogs/opatch/opatch2018-10-08_09-36-41AM_1.log
OPatch completed with warnings.修补完成。可以忽略警告。
（6）验证补丁是否已经更新$ORACLE_HOME/OPatch/opatch lsinventory。
[27734982]$ $ORACLE_HOME/OPatch/opatch lsinventory
Oracle Interim Patch Installer version 11.2.0.3.19
Copyright (c) 2018, Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved.
Oracle Home : /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1
Central Inventory : /u01/app/oraInventory
from : /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/oraInst.loc
OPatch version : 11.2.0.3.19
OUI version : 11.2.0.4.0
Log file location : /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/cfgtoollogs/opatch/opatch2018-10-08_09-41-09AM_1.log
Lsinventory Output file location : /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/cfgtoollogs/opatch/lsinv/lsinventory2018-10-08_09-41-09AM.txt
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Local Machine Information::
Hostname:
ARU platform id: 226
ARU platform description:: Linux x86-64
Installed Top-level Products (1):
Oracle Database 11g 11.2.0.4.0
There are 1 products installed in this Oracle Home.
Interim patches (1) :
Patch 27734982 : applied on Mon Oct 08 09:39:20 AST 2018
Unique Patch ID: 22229176
Patch description: "Database Patch Set Update : 11.2.0.4.180717 (27734982)"
Created on 31 May 2018, 01:37:49 hrs PST8PDT
Sub-patch 27338049; "Database Patch Set Update : 11.2.0.4.180417 (27338049)"
Sub-patch 26925576; "Database Patch Set Update : 11.2.0.4.180116 (26925576)"
Sub-patch 26392168; "Database Patch Set Update : 11.2.0.4.171017 (26392168)"
Sub-patch 26609445; "Database Patch Set Update : 11.2.0.4.170814 (26609445)"
Sub-patch 25869727; "Database Patch Set Update : 11.2.0.4.170718 (25869727)"
Sub-patch 24732075; "Database Patch Set Update : 11.2.0.4.170418 (24732075)"
Sub-patch 24006111; "Database Patch Set Update : 11.2.0.4.161018 (24006111)"
Sub-patch 23054359; "Database Patch Set Update : 11.2.0.4.160719 (23054359)"
Sub-patch 22502456; "Database Patch Set Update : 11.2.0.4.160419 (22502456)"
Sub-patch 21948347; "Database Patch Set Update : 11.2.0.4.160119 (21948347)"
Sub-patch 21352635; "Database Patch Set Update : 11.2.0.4.8 (21352635)"
Sub-patch 20760982; "Database Patch Set Update : 11.2.0.4.7 (20760982)"
Sub-patch 20299013; "Database Patch Set Update : 11.2.0.4.6 (20299013)"
Sub-patch 19769489; "Database Patch Set Update : 11.2.0.4.5 (19769489)"
Sub-patch 19121551; "Database Patch Set Update : 11.2.0.4.4 (19121551)"
Sub-patch 18522509; "Database Patch Set Update : 11.2.0.4.3 (18522509)"
Sub-patch 18031668; "Database Patch Set Update : 11.2.0.4.2 (18031668)"
Sub-patch 17478514; "Database Patch Set Update : 11.2.0.4.1 (17478514)"
Bugs fixed:
21174504, 17184721, 21538558, 16091637, 18092127, 17381384, 15979965
20671094, 16731148, 16314254, 13837378, 18441944, 17835048, 13558557
17008068, 17201159, 25427662, 17853498, 20717359, 17246576, 18356166
18681862, 18440047, 20569094, 20031873, 16875449, 20387265, 19788842
17296856, 21330264, 14010183, 17648596, 17551063, 17025461, 24719736
17267114, 22507210, 17912217, 17889583, 18202441, 17040764, 17478145
16524926, 25655390, 19358317, 22148226, 18747196, 26544823, 18641419
17036973, 18948177, 17811789, 16542886, 14285317, 18009564, 16618694
8322815, 16832076, 18247991, 16692232, 22507234, 17570240, 13871092
24624166, 24348685, 17848897, 17441661, 14034426, 17465741, 16596890
17437634, 21343897, 20506706, 21453153, 18339044, 17951233, 22321741
21795111, 18430495, 21787056, 22380919, 19469538, 20506715, 17811429
19721304, 17903598, 18230522, 19554106, 19458377, 21281607, 17612828
6599380, 22092979, 22321756, 17040527, 17811438, 18641461, 14657740
13364795, 21387964, 19490948, 17346671, 17588480, 22351572, 18235390
26474853, 18849970, 17889549, 19309466, 16472716, 20596234, 18331850
18641451, 17344412, 21179898, 19461270, 17546761, 24842886, 14521849
18203835, 18203838, 18964939, 18203837, 17313525, 22195457, 18139690
16837842, 22296366, 14106803, 17842825, 21352646, 22657942, 16360112
20657441, 22195441, 17389192, 26198926, 14565184, 17205719, 18440095
14764829, 22195448, 14354737, 13944971, 16571443, 21868720, 17186905
17080436, 18673342, 22905130, 17027426, 27374796, 19972569, 19972568
20144308, 19972566, 17282229, 19972564, 16870214, 21629064, 19615136
21354456, 17390431, 18762750, 23007241, 16613964, 17957017, 18098207
18471685, 19730508, 21538485, 18264060, 17323222, 17754782, 17600719
18317531, 17852463, 17596908, 17655634, 16228604, 27053456, 20074391
19972570, 18090142, 18996843, 19854503, 16042673, 17835627, 20334344
17393683, 20861693, 18000422, 17551709, 26575788, 23315889, 20506699
19006849, 18277454, 18456514, 19174430, 17258090, 17174582, 25654936
17242746, 16399083, 17824637, 21132297, 22465352, 17762296, 22168163
17397545, 16450169, 12364061, 20067212, 18856999, 19211724, 19463893
19463897, 21343775, 17853456, 18673304, 20004021, 26030218, 21668627
16194160, 17477958, 16538760, 12982566, 24570598, 20828947, 18259031
20296213, 18293054, 17610798, 19699191, 23065323, 17311728, 18135678
18774543, 23294548, 16785708, 10136473, 24560906, 22551446, 19777862
17786518, 18315328, 18334586, 12747740, 18096714, 19032867, 21641760
17390160, 18899974, 17232014, 20598042, 18673325, 16422541, 18155762
14015842, 19827973, 22683225, 17726838, 18554871, 23177648, 18051556
20803583, 21972320, 15990359, 17922254, 18282562, 16855292, 16668584
21343838, 20299015, 17446237, 18093615, 18043064, 23713236, 17694209
17288409, 18308268, 20475845, 17274537, 13955826, 16934803, 17634921
17501491, 16315398, 23725036, 22683212, 17006183, 13829543, 18191164
17655240, 26746894, 22809871, 18384391, 19393542, 21538567, 16198143
21847223, 25823754, 17892268, 20142975, 19584068, 17165204, 25165496
18604493, 21756699, 18508861, 16901385, 18554763, 21532755, 18189036
17443671, 17385178, 14829250, 17936109, 20925795, 20509482, 17478514
27441326, 16850630, 13951456, 16595641, 14054676, 15861775, 21142837
16912439, 17299889, 17297939, 23003979, 18619917, 16833527, 17798953
17816865, 18607546, 17571306, 21286665, 17341326, 26910644, 17851160
20558005, 17586955, 19049453, 21051840, 17587063, 16956380, 18328509
25423453, 14133975, 18061914, 18522509, 21051833, 20294666, 18765602
20860659, 20324049, 18199537, 17332800, 13609098, 22502493, 18384537
14338435, 17945983, 16392068, 21067387, 17752995, 21051862, 16863422
25505382, 17237521, 18244962, 19544839, 24433711, 24717859, 17156148
18973907, 23026585, 17877323, 17449815, 18180390, 17088068, 17037130
20004087, 21422580, 19466309, 11733603, 25505371, 21051858, 18084625
18674024, 21051852, 18091059, 25369547, 16306373, 18306996, 17787259
18193833, 19915271, 20513399, 20631274, 25879656, 16344544, 14692762
18614015, 17346091, 18228645, 17721717, 18436307, 21756677, 19888853
11883252, 17891943, 19475971, 22353199, 16384983, 19121551, 27825893
12816846, 17982555, 17761775, 22243719, 17265217, 25505394, 17071721
16721594, 18262334, 21756661, 17891946, 15913355, 17672719, 17602269
17239687, 17042658, 17238511, 17811456, 17284817, 17752121, 20879889
21380789, 17394950, 17011832, 16579084, 22195465, 14602788, 18325460
24476265, 26569225, 24476274, 12611721, 16903536, 17006570, 19689979
16043574, 18783224, 24662775, 16494615, 21526048, 17392698, 19197175
16069901, 17811447, 27870645, 17308789, 22195477, 24835538, 17865671
17343514, 19013183, 17325413, 18316692, 16180763, 17348614, 14368995
21983325, 17393915, 16285691, 19211433, 20331945, 17883081, 17705023
24316947, 17614227, 19578350, 22195485, 14084247, 13645875, 16777840
19727057, 14852021, 18744139, 18674047, 17716305, 19285025, 18482502
27534509, 17622427, 19289642, 22195492, 25947799, 14458214, 20869721
21172913, 17767676, 18723434, 25505407, 17786278, 19258504, 17082983
21351877, 17365043, 13498382, 18331812, 16065166, 25489607, 16685417
18031668, 22893153, 16943711, 19272701, 21517440, 25897615, 17649265
13866822, 18094246, 24528741, 17783588, 14245531, 17082359, 18280813
20448824, 23330119, 16268425, 19487147, 25600421, 18018515, 17302277
17215560, 24411921, 19271443, 25764020, 17016369, 20777150, 23330124
16756406, 20441797, 19769489, 28100487, 17545847, 25093656, 18260550
13853126, 17227277, 23536835, 25957038, 24652769, 19207117, 9756271
18868646, 17614134, 26667023, 17546973, 18704244, 19680952, 26667015
17050888, 18828868, 18273830, 17360606, 16992075, 24563422, 17375354
12905058, 18362222, 21429602, 27086138, 17571039, 17468141, 18436647
17235750, 21168487, 16220077, 16929165
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
OPatch succeeded.（7）启动数据库和监听器STARTUP
lsnrctl start LISTENER_DMCRM（8）运行补丁后脚本cd $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin
sqlplus / as sysdba
@catbundle.sql psu apply
quit（9）编译无效对象$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/utlrp.sql（10）检查补丁情况select action_time,action from dba_registry_history;
ACTION_TIME ACTION
--------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------
21-APR-15 08.52.24.728992 AM APPLY
08-OCT-18 09.43.41.923815 AM APPLY
2 rows selected.三、小结
本文分享了非RAC数据库的打补丁的详细过程，随手一记，以备不时之需。
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